{"id":13160,"date":"2025-02-14T02:05:22","date_gmt":"2025-02-13T23:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/?p=13160"},"modified":"2025-02-14T02:06:45","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T23:06:45","slug":"sevgilinizi-mutlu-etmenin-bedeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/2025\/02\/14\/sevgilinizi-mutlu-etmenin-bedeli\/","title":{"rendered":"Sevgilinizi Mutlu Etmenin Bedeli"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sevgililer g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, \u00f6\u011fretmenler g\u00fcn\u00fcnde ya da anneler g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, ni\u015fan ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn t\u00f6renlerinde hasta ziyaretlerinde yayg\u0131n verilen hediye olan kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek end\u00fcstrisinin bir de karanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fc var. Sweetshop (Terhane) ad\u0131 verilen k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na sahip i\u015fyeri bi\u00e7iminin tipik \u015fekillerinden olan sekt\u00f6r, emek yo\u011fun bir yap\u0131ya sahip. Emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve ucuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, izin kullanamama, zorbal\u0131k, cinsel istismar sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn karanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fc.  Kimyasallara maruz kalarak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmek de cabas\u0131. Sekt\u00f6r lideri Hollanda vb. \u00fclkelerdeki \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firketler sekt\u00f6re h\u00e2kim. Birebir olmasa da benzer olumsuz ko\u015fullar bizde de mevcut.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 \u015eubatla beraber her yer a\u015fk kokar tabi t\u00fcketim patlamas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusudur. Sevgilimize hediye vererek onu mutlu etmek en \u00f6nemli \u015feydir. Hediye yelpazesi geni\u015f elbette bir kazak ya da bir bluzdan tutun da bir parf\u00fcm, elmas ta\u015fl\u0131 alt\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fck ya da alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir kolyeye kadar uzan\u0131yor. Ama en yayg\u0131n\u0131 ve alt s\u0131n\u0131flardan \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131flara dek herkesin ortak hediyesi kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek sadece sevgililer g\u00fcn\u00fcnde de\u011fil ilk bulu\u015fmalarda da \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fma sonras\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcl almada da erkeklerin sevgililerine verdi\u011fi ilk \u015fey \u00e7i\u00e7ektir. Ama t\u00fcm bu hediyelerin, hediye ambalajlar\u0131n\u0131n bir de g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen karanl\u0131k bir y\u00fcz\u00fc var k\u00f6lelik, \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sava\u015flar, emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc, vb. bir\u00e7ok insan haklar\u0131 ihlali yan\u0131nda do\u011fan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl istismar\u0131 da buna d\u00e2hil i\u015fte bu haber analizde biraz daraltmaya gidip hediye sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn bu sayd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zla ili\u015fkisine de\u011finece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00c7\u0130\u00c7EK G\u0130B\u0130 SEVG\u0130: KESME \u00c7\u0130\u00c7EK\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K D\u00dcNYANIN HIZLI B\u00dcY\u00dcYEN PAZARLARINDAN (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sevgililer g\u00fcn\u00fc nedeniyle en s\u0131k verilen ve a\u015fk\u0131n sembol\u00fc kabul edilen k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcl fiyatlar\u0131 beklendi\u011fi gibi y\u00fcksek seyrediyor. Mesela Edirne\u2019de 14 \u015eubat Sevgiler G\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ncesi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcl sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00c7i\u00e7ek\u00e7i Elif Sab\u0131rman, \u201cSevgililer G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde g\u00fcl daha \u00e7ok tercih ediliyor. G\u00fcl\u00fcn malum sebeplerden dolay\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 insanlar\u0131n al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc etkiliyor. O y\u00fczden mevsim buketine y\u00f6neliyor insanlar. Minimum bir g\u00fcl buketi 400-500 liradan ba\u015flar\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 \u015eubat Sevgililer G\u00fcn\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131rken Adana’da yeti\u015ftirilen g\u00fcller dal\u0131nda 30 liradan sat\u0131l\u0131yor ancak Hollanda’dan ithal edilen g\u00fcller nedeniyle fiyatlar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seyrediyor. \u00c7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilerde ise g\u00fcl\u00fcn tane fiyat\u0131 100-150 lira aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Adana\u2019dan yurdun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen g\u00fcller, dal\u0131nda ise 30 liradan al\u0131c\u0131 buluyor. G\u00fcl buketlerinin fiyatlar\u0131 ise 700 TL ile 6 bin TL aras\u0131nda seyrediyor. H\u00e2s\u0131l\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet her konuda oldu\u011fu gibi pahal\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00fcreticiden t\u00fcketiciye gelirken fiyat\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ekler; kesilerek toplanan ve buket, sepet, \u00e7elenk yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7i\u00e7ekler Kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan ve ticareti en fazla yap\u0131lan s\u00fcs bitkileri konumunda. D\u00fcnya s\u00fcs bitkileri ticaretinin yar\u0131s\u0131 kesme \u00e7i\u00e7eklere aittir. S\u00fcs bitkileri genel bir kavram olup, kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ekler ve kesme ye\u015fillikler, saks\u0131l\u0131 bitkiler (\u00e7i\u00e7ekli ve saks\u0131l\u0131 bitkiler) ile peyzaj i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer bitkileri kapsamakta olup s\u00fcs bitkileri sekt\u00f6r\u00fc genel olarak kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, i\u00e7 mek\u00e2n s\u00fcs bitkileri, d\u0131\u015f mek\u00e2n s\u00fcs bitkileri ile do\u011fal \u00e7i\u00e7ek so\u011fanlar\u0131 (geofitler) olmak \u00fczere 4 farkl\u0131 faaliyet alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Latin Amerika ve Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Pazar Pay\u0131 var<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada 20 yy ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6nde gelen sekt\u00f6r \u00fcreticisi \u00fclkeler olan ABD, Japonya, \u0130talya, Hollanda gibi geleneksel \u00fcretim yerlerinin yan\u0131nda, Latin Amerika ve Afrika\u2019da da kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcretimi \u00f6nem kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcretiminde ekolojik ko\u015fullar ve ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc gibi avantajlara sahip olan Kolombiya, Ekvador ve Kenya gibi \u00fclkeler d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcreticisi ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclkeleri konumuna gelmi\u015f durumda. Afrika\u2019da (\u00f6zellikle Kenya) \u00fcretilen \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019da sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. K\u00fcresel kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek pazar\u0131n\u0131n 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda 36,4 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 de\u011ferinde olmas\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Tahmin d\u00f6neminde %4,6’l\u0131k bir bile\u015fik y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 kaydederek 2027 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 45,5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Pazar\u0131n lider \u00fclkesi teknoloji ve \u00fcretim verimlili\u011fi nedeniyle %52 ile Hollanda,  onu Kolombiya (%15), Ekvador (%9), Kenya (%7), Bel\u00e7ika (%3), Etiyopya (%2), Malezya, \u0130talya, Almanya ve \u0130srail (%1) takip ediyor T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnya kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcretiminde 0.3 \u2018l\u00fck oranla d\u00fcnyada 20\u2019c\u0131 s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcller, karanfiller ve krizantemler en pop\u00fcler \u00e7i\u00e7ekler. Kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131nda so\u011fuk zincir teknolojisi h\u00e2kim. So\u011fuk ta\u015f\u0131ma depolar\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ekler uykuda kalarak tazeli\u011fini koruyor. Zaman kritik \u00f6nemde Seyahat i\u00e7in harcanan her ekstra g\u00fcn i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7ekler de\u011ferlerinin %15’ini kaybeder. \u00dcreticiler bir \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fin vazo \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn (\u00e7i\u00e7eklerin m\u00fc\u015fteriye ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra taze kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre) genellikle 12-15 g\u00fcn oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Tropik \u00dclkeleri Ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00dcreticiler Yapt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Petrol krizi sonras\u0131 Avrupa \u00fcretim maliyetlerinde \u0131s\u0131tma giderinin y\u00fckselmesi nedeniyle tropik iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na sahip \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131. Bu yeni \u00fcreticilerin \u00fc\u00e7 ortak noktas\u0131 vard\u0131: bir\u00e7ok \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fin faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 serin gecelere sahip y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 alanlar, maksimum g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 saatleri i\u00e7in ekvatora yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve daha ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik ayn\u0131 zamanda mevsimsel \u00fcretimin sonu ve y\u0131l\u0131n 365 g\u00fcn\u00fc uluslararas\u0131 rekabet\u00e7i ticaretin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kenya, g\u00fcl kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir – \u00fclke, Union Fleurs’a g\u00f6re AB’de sat\u0131lan t\u00fcm g\u00fcllerin \u00fc\u00e7te birini tedarik ediyor. Kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ekler art\u0131k Kenya’n\u0131n \u00e7aydan sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci ihracat\u0131 olup, \u00fclkenin GSYH\u2019sinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %1’ine katk\u0131da bulunuyor. Ayr\u0131ca, 100.000’den fazla ki\u015finin do\u011frudan \u00e7i\u00e7ek end\u00fcstrisinde ve tahmini iki milyon ki\u015finin dolayl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck istihdam kaynaklar\u0131ndan birisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fcl\u00fcn Ad\u0131nda S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u0130stismar Var<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek end\u00fcstrisi emek yo\u011fun bir sekt\u00f6r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 da Kad\u0131nlar. Ancak sekt\u00f6r enformel denilen yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 kapitalizmin de radar\u0131nda.  \u0130nterpol\u2019e g\u00f6re \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde bir\u00e7ok su\u00e7la para kazan\u0131l\u0131yor. Uyu\u015fturucu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fta geliyor d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek Mezat\u2019\u0131n\u0131n kalbinin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hollanda limanlar\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ek konteynerleri i\u00e7inde uyu\u015fturucular yakalan\u0131yor \u00e7o\u011fu kez. \u0130la\u00e7 ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131yor. Sistematik doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, kara para aklama, sahtecilik, silah, sigara, havai fi\u015fek ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok su\u00e7 bu sekt\u00f6r \u00fczerinden i\u015fleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn karanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fc su\u00e7 \u015febekelerinin \u00e7i\u00e7ek konteynerleri ile \u00e7e\u015fitli ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131klar yapmas\u0131 de\u011fil. Bu sekt\u00f6rdeki yo\u011fun insan ve do\u011fa s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc iki \u00fclkeyi \u00f6rnek se\u00e7tik. Birincisi Kenya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kenya’n\u0131n ideal tropikal iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in elveri\u015flidir. \u00dclke, hem i\u00e7 hem de ihracat pazarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bah\u00e7e bitkileri yeti\u015ftirme konusunda uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip ve bu da \u00fclke ekonomisine \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulunmakta. Kenya’da yeti\u015ftirilen \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin %95’i uluslararas\u0131 pazarlara gidiyor ve AB ile Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ba\u015fl\u0131ca ihracat pazarlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7i\u00e7ek sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere yakla\u015f\u0131k 150.000 ki\u015fiye do\u011frudan istihdam olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamakta. Sekt\u00f6r dolayl\u0131 olarak da iki milyonun \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 desteklemekte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Haklar\u0131 \u0130zleme \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn \u00e7i\u00e7ek kesme sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, sekt\u00f6rde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen i\u015f\u00e7i vakalar\u0131 tespit edildi. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n tehdit, misilleme, g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015flerini kaybetme korkusu alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlanmalar\u0131 ola\u011fan bir durum haline gelmi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek hedefler verilmekte ve 12 veya 14 saatten fazla vardiyalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu hedeflere ula\u015famamaktad\u0131rlar. Bu hedefleri tutturamayan kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler, ertesi g\u00fcn \u00fccret almadan hedefi tamamlamaya ya da i\u015flerini kaybetmemek i\u00e7in amirlerine r\u00fc\u015fvet vermeye veya cinsel fanteziler teklif etmeye zorlanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, i\u015flerinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelire ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu talepleri reddetme \u015fans\u0131na sahip de\u011filler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7ler ac\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015fyerinde cinsiyete dayal\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmekte. \u00d6rne\u011fin, emzirmek i\u00e7in zaman tan\u0131nm\u0131yor. \u00c7iftliklerden uzakta ya\u015famalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen kad\u0131nlara ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131yor. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 hi\u00e7 gitmemeyi tercih ediyor ya da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeli g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece bak\u0131m merkezlerine b\u0131rakmak zorunda kal\u0131yor.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bunun yan\u0131n da i\u015f\u00e7ilerin zararl\u0131 kimyasallara maruz kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u015fta solunum yollar\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Quito’daki San Francisco \u00dcniversitesi’nin sekt\u00f6rdeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ankette, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin %62’si pestisitlere maruz kalma nedeniyle ciddi t\u0131bbi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini bildirdi. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn 1999’da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, g\u00fcl i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin %70’inin hasat zaman\u0131nda ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n bulan\u0131k g\u00f6rme, \u00fc\u00e7te birinin kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00f6rtte birinin kas titremeleri veya se\u011firmeleri ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu. Kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yapma oran\u0131 tam da bu nedenle hayli y\u00fcksek ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda zay\u0131fl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nemli ve S\u0131cak \u0130klim De\u011fil A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir numaras\u0131 olan Hollanda g\u00fcllerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Ekvador \u2019da yeti\u015ftiriliyor, ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor ve ard\u0131ndan maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutmak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor. Ucuz arazi ve i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, son 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r Ekvador g\u00fcllerine olan talebi art\u0131rd\u0131. 1970’lerdeki Ekvador petrol patlamas\u0131ndan, 1980’lerde Kolombiya’n\u0131n uyu\u015fturucu kaynakl\u0131 ekonomik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne -ki bu durum kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek end\u00fcstrisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Ekvador\u2019a kayd\u0131rd\u0131- ve yabanc\u0131 bankalara olan uluslararas\u0131 bor\u00e7lar nedeniyle yayg\u0131n ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe kadar, \u00fclkenin ihracat sisteminin radikal bir \u015fekilde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcl end\u00fcstrisinin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir ortam yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bir sekt\u00f6r. 2002’de, Ekvador’un Katolik \u00dcniversitesi, g\u00fcl \u00fcretiminde i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn be\u015fte birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ortalaman\u0131n %22 \u00fczerinde n\u00f6rolojik hasar belirtileri g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini bildirdi. 2003’te, yerel bir K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 doktoru, Mother Jones dergisine b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131n zihinsel ve geli\u015fimsel engellerden bahsetti ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l New York Times, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 fiziksel s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 belirtileri g\u00f6steren kad\u0131nlarla r\u00f6portaj yapt\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6kleri s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemine dayanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemi Hacienda ve onun halefi olan 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n huasipungo sistemi,  yani Ekvador yaylalar\u0131ndaki yerli halklar\u0131n, hapis veya \u00f6l\u00fcm tehdidi alt\u0131nda plantasyon i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fiyle \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu \u00f6denen bir borca \u200b\u200b(ya da daha do\u011frusu mirasa, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar borcu miras ald\u0131lar) sahip olarak do\u011fduklar\u0131 zaman, tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 egemenlik a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n temelini att\u0131. Bu miras g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gazetecilerle konu\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fcne sabah 4’te ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin uzun ve tahmin edilemez oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri demet halinde toplamada g\u00fcnl\u00fck hedefini tutturmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve yeterince h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in amirinin ona ba\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131 s\u0131radan. R\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131, so\u011fu\u011fu veya a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7 umursamamak zorundalar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u201cBizi d\u00f6vd\u00fcler ve bize daha fazla g\u00f6rev verdiler.\u201d Diyerek zorbal\u0131\u011fa maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seks\u00fcel \u0130stismar da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunuyor. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma cinsel istismar\u0131n i\u015fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabildi\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00c7i\u00e7ek sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yeti\u015ftiricilik faaliyetleri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131l\u0131r. Seran\u0131n her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde genellikle sadece bir veya iki ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00fcstleri taraf\u0131ndan cinsel taciz ve istismar i\u00e7in kolay bir hedef haline getirmektedir. Cinsel taciz, i\u015fe almada, i\u015f vardiyalar\u0131nda, verilen g\u00f6revlerde vb. ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir sekt\u00f6rde bir kontrol mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7i\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n %55’inden fazlas\u0131 bir t\u00fcr cinsel tacize maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu oran 20-24 ya\u015f grubunda daha y\u00fcksektir (%71). \u00c7i\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n %18,81’i bir i\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131 veya amiriyle seks yapmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015f ve %10’u cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bu anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n sadece Kenya ya da Ekvadora \u00f6zg\u00fc oldu\u011funu san\u0131yorsan\u0131z fena halde yan\u0131l\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Evrensel Gazetesinde \u00e7\u0131kan bir haber bizde de s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn s\u0131radan bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir cinsten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130zmir’in Dikili il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00c7andarl\u0131’da 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri faaliyet g\u00f6steren ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcretimi yapan Queen Serac\u0131l\u0131k\u2019ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kad\u0131n olan i\u015f\u00e7iler, fazla mesaiye kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ek mesai \u00fccretlerinin do\u011fru \u015fekilde \u00f6denmedi\u011fini, bayram ve tatil g\u00fcnlerinde dahi zaml\u0131 \u00fccret alamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131ndaki kimyasal maddeler nedeniyle sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bozuldu\u011funu, bel ve boyun f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ciddi hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele ettiklerini belirtti. Emek\u00e7iler, bu sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen i\u015fyerlerinin onlar\u0131 daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ortamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmeleri i\u00e7in uygun \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirmedi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Buraya kadar \u0130nsani maliyeti anlatt\u0131k bundan sonras\u0131nda \u00e7evresel hasar raporuyla devam ediyoruz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Norma Mena and Silvia Proa\u00f1o, Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: The Cut Flower Industry, Case Study<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Northern Sierra of Ecuador- International Labor Rights Fund -2005                                                                              https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/8709632\/Sexual_Harassment_in_the_Workplace_The_Cut_Flower_Industry_Ecuador<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/535124\/queen-seracilikta-calisan-kadin-isciler-kosullarini-anlatti-kadin-emegi-yok-sayiliyor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sevgililer g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, \u00f6\u011fretmenler g\u00fcn\u00fcnde ya da anneler g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, ni\u015fan ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn t\u00f6renlerinde hasta ziyaretlerinde yayg\u0131n verilen hediye olan kesme \u00e7i\u00e7ek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[299],"tags":[305,306,304,302,303,300,307,308,301],"class_list":["post-13160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirma-haber","tag-asiri-calisma","tag-cinsel-istismar","tag-ekvador","tag-karanlik-yuzu","tag-kenya","tag-kesme-cicek","tag-kimyasallar","tag-saglik","tag-somuru"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13160"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13172,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13160\/revisions\/13172"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}