{"id":13433,"date":"2025-03-18T22:55:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T19:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/?p=13433"},"modified":"2025-03-18T22:56:21","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T19:56:21","slug":"silahlanma-yarisinin-bedelini-anneler-ve-cocuklar-oduyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/2025\/03\/18\/silahlanma-yarisinin-bedelini-anneler-ve-cocuklar-oduyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Silahlanma Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Bedelini Anneler Ve \u00c7ocuklar \u00d6d\u00fcyor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n anne ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi konusunda kimsenin hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcphesi yok. Silah ticaretinin k\u00f6t\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak ise \u00e7o\u011fu kez zordur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bor\u00e7lar, yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcrokrasiler ve do\u011fal afetler ile  silahlanma yoksul \u00fclkelerde bir arada bulunmakta. Afrika ve Asya\u2019da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma halindeki yoksul \u00fclkelere ihra\u00e7 edilen yasal ve yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkileri ise \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ile ortada.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan bu yana ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n %85\u2019inden fazlas\u0131 yoksul \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fand\u0131. 1990\u2019larda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fakir \u00fclkeleri, bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131na da genellikle silah tedarik eden simsarlarla, silahlara doymu\u015f hale geldi. 1986 ile 1996 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6lenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sivillerdi, \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fayan yoksul \u00fclkeler ile onlara silah ihra\u00e7 eden a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak zengin \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda annelerin ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n %85\u2019inden fazlas\u0131 yoksul \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fand\u0131. 1990 ve 2001 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 45 farkl\u0131 yerde elli yedi b\u00fcy\u00fck silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma meydana geldi, bu veriler d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fakir 20 \u00fclkesinden 16\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 kaps\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu uzun s\u00fcredir devam ediyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda sava\u015f Afganistan\u2019da 22 y\u0131l, Angola\u2019da 35 y\u0131l ve Somali\u2019de 12 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1990\u2019dan bu yana \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ordular\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz organize oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde meydana geldi; paramiliter gruplar, eylemlerini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in ideolojik veya siyasi g\u00fcndemler kullanarak itici g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak hareket ettiler. Sava\u015fan gruplar para, narkotik veya de\u011ferli mineraller kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 destek\u00e7ilerden silah ald\u0131. Bu ticaretler, Angola ve Sierra Leone\u2019den elmas ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakalar\u0131 gibi, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 besleyen, sava\u015fa dayal\u0131 sofistike ekonomilerin geli\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yoksul \u00fclkeler silahlar\u0131n\u0131n %48\u2019ini Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nden \u00fccretsiz olarak ald\u0131lar. Petrol \u00fcretmeyen geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere yap\u0131lan ihracat\u0131n toplam de\u011feri ikiye katlanarak bir\u00e7o\u011funu borca \u200b\u200bsoktu. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nin daimi \u00fcyeleri, ihra\u00e7 ettikleri silahlar\u0131n %65-96\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere teslim eden ba\u015fl\u0131ca konvansiyonel silahlar\u0131n ana \u00fcreticileri ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131ndaki \u00fclkelere sa\u011flanarak sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim i\u00e7in mevcut kaynaklar azalt\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, Rusya, Almanya ve Kanada, Pakistan gayri safi yurti\u00e7i has\u0131las\u0131n\u0131n %1\u2019inden az\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa harcamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hem Hindistan\u2019a hem de Pakistan\u2019a silah sa\u011flad\u0131. Yoksul \u00fclkelere ihra\u00e7 edilen bir\u00e7ok silah, genellikle e\u011fitimi de i\u00e7eren askeri destek olarak ikinci eldi; baz\u0131lar\u0131 so\u011fuk sava\u015ftan kalan geni\u015f stoklardan elde edilerek sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En fakir \u00fclkeler b\u00fcy\u00fck silahlara sahip olmakta zorlansalar da, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck silahlar sat\u0131n alabiliyorlard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin AK 47 t\u00fcfe\u011fi, Afrika\u2019da bir torba m\u0131s\u0131ra ve Afganistan\u2019da 10 dolara (6,45 \u00a3, 10 \u20ac) sat\u0131n al\u0131nabilir. \u00c7ok az bak\u0131m gerektirir ve minimum e\u011fitimle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir silah olabilir. w20 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck silahlar ucuz ve kolay \u00fcretilmelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kolayl\u0131kla nakledilir, ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yoksul \u00fclkelerde s\u00fcregelen 49 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n 47\u2019sinde hafif silahlar kullan\u0131lan ana silahlard\u0131 ve, hesaplanamaz insan ac\u0131lar\u0131na neden oldu. S\u00fcrekli olarak geli\u015fmeyi tehdit ediyorlar ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla karakterize edilen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca silahlar oldular. Tahminen D\u00fcnyada dola\u015f\u0131mda olan 600 milyon k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck silah ve hafif silah var \u2013 d\u00fcnyadaki her 10 ki\u015fiden birinde mevcut. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fundan sorumludurlar, \u00e7o\u011fu anne ve \u00e7ocuklar olmak \u00fczere g\u00fcnde 1000\u2019den fazla \u00f6l\u00fcmle ili\u015fkilidirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

silah ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda di\u011fer organize su\u00e7larda da kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, silah tedarik eden kargo u\u00e7aklar\u0131, genellikle geceleri kendi navigasyon sistemlerini kullanarak, birden fazla ini\u015f yaparak, u\u00e7ak de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini veya u\u00e7ak tescilini tahrif ederek dolamba\u00e7l\u0131 rotalarda u\u00e7tu. Pilotlar ve u\u00e7aklar \u201cuygun bayraklara\u201d kay\u0131tl\u0131yd\u0131 ve bazen al\u0131c\u0131 gruplar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131na bir \u201cacil ini\u015f\u201d s\u0131ras\u0131nda teslim edildi. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin hesap verebilirli\u011fin, b\u00fcrokrasinin, g\u00fcmr\u00fck prosed\u00fcrlerinin ve hava trafik kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu Afrika\u2019da yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 teslimatlar i\u00e7in kolay yerlerdi. ABD \u0130stihbarat ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma B\u00fcrosu ve Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve Bel\u00e7ika\u2019dan hava kiralama \u015firketlerinin Ruanda, Kongo gibi \u00fclkelere silah iletti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BM hafif silahlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar\u0131n \u201cg\u00fcvenlik, insani ve kalk\u0131nma boyutlar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini\u201d kabul ediyor. BM, hafif silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 destekliyor, ancak G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nin be\u015f daimi \u00fcyesinin ana tedarik\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin hafif silah ticaretiyle m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma giri\u015fimlerine ra\u011fmen, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve baz\u0131 AB \u00fcyeleri (Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Fransa, Almanya, \u0130talya ve Bel\u00e7ika) ana silah ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u0130nsani Maliyetleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 silah ticareti, k\u00fcresel silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n temelidir ve insanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar \u00e7ekmesine neden olur ve anneler ve \u00e7ocuklar en savunmas\u0131z insanlard\u0131r. Unicef\u2019e g\u00f6re, 1986 ile 1996 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda iki milyon \u00e7ocuk \u00f6ld\u00fc, alt\u0131 milyon \u00e7ocuk ciddi \u015fekilde yaraland\u0131 veya kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak sakatland\u0131 ve say\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7ocuk \u015fiddete tan\u0131k olmaya veya \u015fiddete kat\u0131lmaya zorland\u0131. Kurbanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sivillerdi, \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar. Gra\u00e7a Machel, Unicef\u2019e sundu\u011fu raporunda, \u201cSava\u015flar her zaman \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve di\u011fer sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olmayanlar\u0131 ma\u011fdur etmi\u015ftir, ancak modern sava\u015flar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 her zamankinden daha ac\u0131mas\u0131zca s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcyor, sakat b\u0131rak\u0131yor ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u201d dedi.  Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n dolayl\u0131 etkileri anne ve \u00e7ocuklarda \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00e7o\u011funa neden oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frudan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra dolayl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler i\u00e7in \u015funlar \u00f6rnek verilebilir. G\u0131da yoksunlu\u011fu K\u0131smen halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemlerinin bozulmas\u0131 nedeniyle hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131Psikolojik ve duygusal hasar (Angolal\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi cinayete tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftur), Engellilik, Ailelerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 (1995\u2019te Angolal\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n %20\u2019si ailelerinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131) e\u011fitim kayb\u0131, Etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 kovmak i\u00e7in kas\u0131tl\u0131 tecav\u00fcz de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n cinsel istismar\u0131 \u00c7ocuk ka\u00e7\u0131rma, i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6lelik \u00c7ocuk askerler (\u00f6rne\u011fin 1998\u2019de 18 ya\u015f alt\u0131 en az 300.000 \u00e7ocuk askerdi). \u00c7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir ba\u015fka sonucu da yerinden edilmedir. 1997\u2019de 13,2 milyon insan m\u00fclteciydi ve 4,9 milyon ki\u015fi \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yerinden edilmi\u015fti, \u00f6rne\u011fin Ruanda m\u00fclteci kamplar\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 g\u00fcnde 100\u2019den 300\u2019e kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yerinden edilmi\u015f topluluklardaki \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u00fclkedeki yerinden edilmemi\u015f \u00e7ocuklara g\u00f6re %60\u2019tan fazla y\u00fcksekti. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, 2001\u2019de iki b\u00fcy\u00fck silah ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan Birle\u015fik Devletler ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, d\u00fcnyadaki m\u00fcltecilerin yaln\u0131zca %4,3\u2019\u00fc ve %1,2\u2019si (toplam 12 milyon) i\u00e7in s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak sa\u011flad\u0131. . (Kaynak: Ch\u0131ld Advocacy Internat\u0131onal)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yolsuzlu\u011fa Batm\u0131\u015f Silah \u00dcreticileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl manzara sadece yoksul \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman askeri harcamalar o silahlar\u0131 satan \u00fclkelerde de kal\u0131c\u0131 insani sorunlara neden oluyor \u00f6zellikle de \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Askeri harcamalar i\u00e7in harcanan mebla\u011flar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde. Stockholm Uluslararas\u0131 Bar\u0131\u015f Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan 2019\u2019da d\u00fcnya askeri harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n 1917 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyordu. Bu, gezegendeki her insan i\u00e7in 250 dolarl\u0131k bir rakama tekab\u00fcl ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, k\u00fcresel askeri harcamalar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 (732 milyar ABD Dolar\u0131) kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. ABD\u2019de \u00e7ocuklar veya hamile kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in evrensel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti yoktur. Ayr\u0131ca, kom\u015fu Kanada ve K\u00fcba\u2019dan daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131na sahiptir. 19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, Suudi Arabistan, Hindistan ve Fransa askeri harcamalara en \u00e7ok katk\u0131da bulunan di\u011fer \u00fclkeler oldu. Suudi Arabistan\u2019da askeri harcamalar 2019\u2019da Gayri Safi Yurti\u00e7i Has\u0131la\u2019n\u0131n (GSY\u0130H) %8,0\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl ediyordu. Hindistan 71,1 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 harcad\u0131 ve 2019\u2019da orduya en \u00e7ok harcama yapan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke oldu. Hindistan 2019\u2019da askeri harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 %6,8 art\u0131rd\u0131.(hala da d\u00fcnyada silaha en fazal para harcayan \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor) Hindistan, y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde yetersiz \u00e7ocuk beslenmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra y\u00fcksek bir \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sa\u011fl\u0131ktan \u00e7ok orduya (21,2 milyar ABD Dolar\u0131) harc\u0131yor. UNICEF\u2019in 2018 verileri, Hindistan\u2019da 5 ya\u015f alt\u0131 \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131n 37 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bu , her ikisi de Hindistan\u2019dan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha fakir olan kom\u015fu Banglade\u015f (30) ve Nepal\u2019den (32) daha y\u00fcksek. Hindistan\u2019da 5 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131 yetersiz besleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkelerin \u00e7o\u011fu BM\u2019nin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebi,lir kalk\u0131nma hedefi olarak da ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli insani yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yapmay\u0131 taah\u00fct etti. Ama sailaha yap\u0131lan harcamalar sa\u011fl\u0131k ve rafsahla  ilgili olan hedeflerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktan uzak. Oysaki Askeri harcamalara ayr\u0131lan para \u00e7o\u011fu- insani geli\u015fme kaynaklar\u0131na aktar\u0131labilir.Mesela temiz su ve sanitasyonla ilgili BM hedeflerinin sa\u011flanabilmesinin maliyeti, yaln\u0131zca bir \u00fclkenin, yani ABD\u2019nin askeri harcamalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha azd\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7oxuklar\u0131n Ya\u015fam\u0131 Risk Alt\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2020\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 452 milyon \u00e7ocuk bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015f\u0131yordu ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda zorla yerinden edilmi\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 milyon ki\u015finin neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar olu\u015fturuyor. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalardan en \u00e7ok etkilenen \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011fu gen\u00e7 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir n\u00fcfusa sahip geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f ve yerinden edilme, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n psikolojik geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli olumsuz etkileri olan \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 beraberinde getirir . Bunlar, sosyal ili\u015fkiler, okul performans\u0131 ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere ya\u015fam f\u0131rsatlar\u0131yla ilgili olan zihinsel sa\u011fl\u0131k bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131, duygusal ve davran\u0131\u015fsal sorunlar\u0131 ve bozulmu\u015f bili\u015fsel geli\u015fimi i\u00e7erir. Fiziksel geli\u015fim kadar \u00e7ocu\u011fun duygusal, sosyal ve bili\u015fsel yeteneklerinin geli\u015fimi de ayn\u0131 derecede \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fun ilk y\u0131llar\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca t\u00fcm geli\u015fim deneyimini \u015fekillendiren \u2018f\u0131rsat penceresi\u2019ni temsil eder. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmad\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelerde be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki 250 milyon \u00e7ocu\u011fun (yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 43) geli\u015fme potansiyelinin tehlikede oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yerel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131nda gecikmi\u015f erken \u00e7ocukluk geli\u015fimi ya\u015fama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksektir ve bu gecikme kronik maruz kalma ile artar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu insan ve \u00f6zellikle ebeveynler, n\u00fckleer silahlar veya konvansiyonel silahlar gibi kitle imha silahlar\u0131 olsun, silahlara harcamaktansa sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik verir. Hem n\u00fckleer hem de konvansiyonel silah ticareti, \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 birbiriyle ili\u015fkili olarak \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fekilde zararl\u0131 olarak etkiler: kaynaklar\u0131n askeri harcamalara y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ve hem do\u011frudan hem de dolayl\u0131 olarak (yoksullu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, beslenme, bar\u0131nma, e\u011fitim vb.) A\u00e7\u0131k); silah ticaretindeki yayg\u0131n yolsuzlu\u011fun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve ard\u0131ndan gelen demokrasinin a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla bo\u015fa harcanan kaynaklar; ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 tehdit eden ve insani krizlere yol a\u00e7ar. Oysa insani geli\u015fme kritelerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00e7ok daha az bir b\u00fct\u00e7e ile bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u0130nsani geli\u015fme kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131laman\u0131n ve dolay\u0131syla \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekel\u015ftirilmesinin maliyetinin ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 195 ABD dolar\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 250 dolarl\u0131k silah harcamas\u0131 ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha az bir maliyet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n maliyeti astronomiktir. \u0130ngiltere, n\u00fckleer cephaneli\u011fini 200 milyar sterlinin \u00fczerinde bir maliyetle y\u00fckseltme s\u00fcrecinde, ancak COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ilk 2 ay\u0131nda \u00f6n saflardaki sa\u011fl\u0131k personeline temel koruyucu ekipman sa\u011flayamad\u0131. N\u00fckleer silahlar, Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir sava\u015f su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilen, ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen sivil ya\u015fam kayb\u0131na neden olmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Hindistan ve Pakistan\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131.  Herhangi bir \u00fclkenin n\u00fckleer sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve ayr\u0131ca atmosferde de\u011fi\u015fikliklere, mahsul\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131na ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir k\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa neden olabilir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, Temmuz 2017\u2019de n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmay\u0131 onaylad\u0131. Ne yaz\u0131k ki n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve Kuzey Atlantik Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (NATO) anla\u015fman\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Biyolojik ve kimyasal silahlar daha \u00f6nce yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan elde edilen karlar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve sonu\u00e7 olarak, silah ticaretinin k\u00fcresel ticaretteki t\u00fcm yolsuzlu\u011fun %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Savunma \u015firketleri, en geni\u015f bi\u00e7imiyle devlet, \u00e7e\u015fitli, genellikle \u015f\u00fcpheli arac\u0131lar ve en \u00f6nemlisi, tek tek politikac\u0131lar ve siyasi partiler, ulusal g\u00fcvenlik empoze edilen bir gizlilik perdesi arkas\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k silah anla\u015fmalar\u0131 m\u00fczakere ediyor. B\u00f6yle bir sistem yolsuzlu\u011fu te\u015fvik eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sistem, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ticari i\u015fleminde, \u0130ngiltere ile Suudi Arabistan aras\u0131nda Al Yamamah anla\u015fmas\u0131 olarak bilinen bir silah anla\u015fmas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Suudi kraliyet ailesinin \u00fcyelerine ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019taki bireylere bir dizi arac\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 6 milyar sterlin komisyon (r\u00fc\u015fvet) \u00f6dendi\u011fi saptand\u0131. Silah \u00fcreticileri, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, siyasi partiler ve tek tek politikac\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131n ve \u015feffaf olmayan ili\u015fkiler, ticaretin yetersiz yasal incelemeyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Silah sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndaki yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, gizli mali ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir sonucu, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin, silah \u00fcreticilerinin ve ordunun d\u00fczenli bir b\u00fcy\u00fck silah al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba sarf edecek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, \u00fclkelerinin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu ulusal g\u00fcvenlik tehditlerini abartmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor ki bu da sa\u011fl\u0131k salg\u0131nlar\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, yoksulluk ve e\u015fitsizlik dahil olmak \u00fczere bir dizi \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek, askeri olmayan tehdidi vurgulamama sonucunu do\u011furuyor. S\u00f6zde \u2018ter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u2019 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck silah \u015firketleri mevcut t\u00fcm silah sistemlerini bu yeni tehdide y\u00f6nelik olarak yeniden tasarlad\u0131lar ve bunun sonucunda ter\u00f6rizm d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tehditler i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmi\u015f te\u00e7hizat i\u00e7in bir silah anla\u015fmalar\u0131 dalgas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Uygunsuz veya gereksiz te\u00e7hizat i\u00e7in milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k anla\u015fmalar, k\u00fcresel silah ticaretinde ola\u011fan bir durumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silah ticaretinin zararl\u0131 sosyoekonomik ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n yeni demokratik h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan 1990\u2019lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda giri\u015filen bir silah anla\u015fmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriliyor. Apartheid\u2019in sona ermesinden sadece 4 y\u0131l sonra h\u00fck\u00fcmet, ihtiyac\u0131 olmayan yeni sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131, helikopterler, denizalt\u0131lar ve sava\u015f gemileri i\u00e7in silahlara 5 milyar dolar harcad\u0131. Bug\u00fcne kadar iki politikac\u0131\/i\u015f adam\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fvet almaktan su\u00e7lu bulundu ve eski ba\u015fkan Zuma yolsuzlukla su\u00e7land\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, silahlar\u0131n maliyeti kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda HIV veya AIDS ile ya\u015fayan alt\u0131 milyon G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131ya anti-retroviral ila\u00e7lar sa\u011flayabilirdi ve bir \u00e7ok hayat kurtar\u0131labilirdi. (Kaynak: BMJ Journal<\/a> ve SIPRI<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n anne ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi konusunda kimsenin hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcphesi yok. Silah ticaretinin k\u00f6t\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6nemli<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[314],"tags":[482,483,479,426,484,480,481],"class_list":["post-13433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-savas-ve-doga","tag-anne","tag-cocuk","tag-ordular","tag-savaslar","tag-silah-ihracati","tag-silahlanma","tag-yoksul-ulkeler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13433"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13437,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13433\/revisions\/13437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yesildirenis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}